Vectors are made of objects while bitmaps are made of pixels. The basic difference is that vectors are scalable while bitmaps become blurred if the size changes. Vector images are suited for graphic advertisements or for spot-on illustrations. The effect is surely more convenient, but the vector illustrations result too cartoon-ish sometime; bitmap images can look quite realistic and beautiful. If you want to create a digital painting, the bitmap format is more appropriate.
On the contrary, if you want to create an image that could be resizeable and used by others, you should totally create a bitmap work.
It's easier to explain looking at pictures:
The first one is on Illustrator (using vectors)
The second one on Photoshop (bitmap)
They look pretty similar, right? But if you actually zoom in...
...you can see how different they are! Vector images don't blur, while bitmap do.
I used this BBC article for reference
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